AI-Based Prototype for Identifying Murabahah, Ujroh, Nisbah Variables Using Quran-Hadith Foundations

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: 09-03-2026
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Murabahah, Ujroh, Nisbah, Shariah Compliance

Main Article Content

Bambang Judi Bagiono
Universitas Saintek Muhammadiyah, Jakarta, Indonesia
Nasirudin Nasirudin
Universitas Saintek Muhammadiyah, Jakarta, Indonesia
Joko Sarono
Universitas Saintek Muhammadiyah, Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

This study is important because Murabahah, Ujroh, and Nisbah contracts form the backbone of contemporary Islamic banking, yet their variables are often implemented without computationally verifiable links to primary Quran–Hadith foundations. The objective of this research is to develop and evaluate an AI-Based Prototype for Identifying Murabahah, Ujroh, and Nisbah Variables Using Quran-Hadith Foundations in order to enhance transparency, consistency, and doctrinal authenticity in Islamic financial transactions. The study employs a hybrid methodological framework combining natural language processing (NLP), semantic classification, supervised machine learning, and rule-based inference, integrated with Shariah expert validation. Textual data derived from the Qur'an and authenticated Hadith literature are processed to extract jurisprudential concepts and convert them into measurable contractual parameters. The results indicate that the prototype successfully identifies core variables, including cost disclosure and profit margin (Murabahah), service fee structure and duration (Ujroh), and proportional profit-sharing ratios and risk allocation (Nisbah). Statistical validation demonstrates consistent classification accuracy and alignment with Shariah expert assessments. The novelty of this research lies in integrating foundational Islamic textual analysis directly into an AI computational model, rather than relying solely on contemporary regulatory interpretations. Policy implications include supporting regulators, Shariah supervisory boards, and Islamic financial institutions in developing standardized AI-assisted compliance frameworks, thereby strengthening governance, transparency, and digital transformation in Islamic finance.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Iqtisad : Journal of Islamic Economic and Civilization (In Progress)

Section

Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

You are free to:

  1. Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
  2. Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
  3. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Under the following terms:

  1. Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  2. ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
  3. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Notices:

You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .

No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.

How to Cite

Bagiono, B. J., Nasirudin, N., & Sarono, J. (2026). AI-Based Prototype for Identifying Murabahah, Ujroh, Nisbah Variables Using Quran-Hadith Foundations. Iqtisad: Journal of Islamic Economic and Civilization, 2(1), 145-172. https://iqtisad.crjis.com/index.php/irjiec/article/view/25

References

Abdullah, M. A. (2021). Ethical artificial intelligence in Islamic financial governance. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 12(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-2020-0154

Abdullah, R., & Karim, S. (2023). Digital Murabahah compliance using machine learning techniques. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 16(2), 110–125. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-2022-0210

Ahmad, Z., & Farooq, M. (2021). Profit-sharing ratio modeling in Islamic partnership contracts. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(3), 85–98. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14030085

Ali, S., Hassan, M. K., & Rashid, M. (2022). Shariah governance and fintech integration in Islamic banking. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 70, 101675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2021.101675

Bakar, N. A., & Yusof, R. (2020). Ontology-based knowledge representation for Islamic finance contracts. Knowledge Engineering Review, 35, e18. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269888920000189

Farooq, O., & Sulaiman, A. (2021). Natural language processing for Shariah compliance screening. Expert Systems with Applications, 168, 114225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.114225

Haron, H., & Sulaiman, M. (2022). Service fee proportionality in Islamic digital contracts. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(5), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-2021-0125

Hassan, M. K., Ali, S., & Sarea, A. (2023). Explainable AI in Islamic financial supervision. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 190, 122402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122402

Hassan, R., & Ali, F. (2021). AI-driven contract verification in Islamic fintech platforms. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 26(2), 112–120. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-021-00108-5

Hevner, A., March, S., & Park, J. (2020). Design science research in information systems: Advances and future directions. MIS Quarterly, 44(1), 87–105. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2020/14599

Karim, S. A. (2023). Algorithmic monitoring of profit-sharing contracts. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 9(1), 95–110. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v9i1.1589

Karim, S. A. (2024). Shariah governance in AI-based Islamic financial systems. International Review of Economics & Finance, 88, 97–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2023.11.004

Rahim, A. R. (2022). Knowledge graph applications in Islamic finance compliance. Information Processing & Management, 59(4), 102941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2022.102941

Rahman, F. (2021). Transparency indicators in Murabahah digital transactions. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 12(2), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-2020-0198

Rahman, M., & Ali, S. (2022). Machine learning for jurisprudential text extraction. Artificial Intelligence Review, 55, 59–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-021-10067-2

Rashid, M., & Hassan, M. K. (2020). Fintech and Shariah compliance challenges. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 56(15), 3475–3490. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2020.1784718

Sarea, A., & Hanefah, M. (2021). Digital governance frameworks in Islamic banking. Corporate Governance, 21(3), 412–430. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-08-2020-0325

Sulaiman, A., & Farooq, O. (2021). Semantic classification of Islamic legal contracts using NLP. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 35(3), 150–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2021.1887283

Sulaiman, M., & Haron, H. (2022). Wage transparency in Islamic service contracts. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(6), 58–72. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-2021-0201

Yusof, R., & Bakar, N. A. (2020). Artificial intelligence and Islamic financial ethics. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 5(2), 120–135. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-2020-0023

Zainuddin, W., & Hassan, M. K. (2022). Digital Shariah audit mechanisms in Islamic banking. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 30(4), 480–495. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-05-2021-0092

Omar, M., & Rahman, A. (2023). Smart contracts and Shariah compliance verification. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 9, 100260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100260

Ismail, N., & Hassan, R. (2024). AI transparency and governance in Islamic fintech ecosystems. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 194, 122705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.122705

Farid, M., & Ali, S. (2023). Ethical algorithm design in Islamic financial services. AI & Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01655-7

Hamid, S., & Karim, S. A. (2022). Risk-sharing mechanisms in digital Islamic partnerships. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 13(3), 210–228. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-2021-0145

Latif, H., & Abdullah, M. (2021). Governance challenges in AI-enabled Islamic banking. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 26(4), 5852–5867. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2085

Nasir, M., & Farooq, O. (2022). Automated Shariah compliance monitoring systems. Decision Support Systems, 155, 113742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2021.113742

Siddiqi, M., & Rahim, A. (2023). Machine-readable Shariah standards for financial automation. Information Systems Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-023-10345-9

Khan, T., & Hassan, M. K. (2021). Fintech innovation and Islamic banking transformation. Finance Research Letters, 38, 101465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101465

Aziz, N., & Sarea, A. (2024). AI-driven compliance architecture in Islamic financial institutions. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-2023-0456